ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Screening Guidelines
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a non-communicable disease (NCD), is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is expected that the burden of DM will increase because of population growth, aging, and lifestyle behaviors. Thus, screening guidelines should be developed to prevent mortality and adverse consequences of late detection. In this rapid review, the screening guidelines of DM are reviewed and discussed.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_82147_3c6208ffd1d0cb9619ec5ec272a93325.pdf
2018-12-27
137
139
10.29252/IJMR-050401
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2
Noncommunicable Diseases
Diagnosis
Mohsen Saberi
Isfeedvajani
drsaberihaji@gmail.com
1
Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center & Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Chen L, Magliano DJ, Zimmet PZ. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus--present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;8(4):228-236. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.183.
1
Gray LJ, Willis A, Webb D, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes. In: Bonora E, DeFronzo R, eds. Diabetes. Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment. Springer; 2018:1-33. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27317- 4_12-1.
2
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095-2128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.
3
Bhutani J, Bhutani S. Worldwide burden of diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18(6):868-870. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.141388.
4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2017.
5
Siu AL. Screening for Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(11):861-868. doi:10.7326/M15-2345.
6
Standards of medical care in diabetes-2015 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2015;33(2):97-111. doi:10.2337/diaclin.33.2.97.
7
Handelsman Y, Bloomgarden ZT, Grunberger G, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology - clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2015. Endocr Pract. 2015;21 Suppl 1:1-87. doi:10.4158/EP15672.GL.
8
Pottie K, Jaramillo A, Lewin G, et al. Recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults. CMAJ. 2012;184(15):1687- 1696. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120732.
9
National Screening Committee (NSC). UK NSC Type 2 diabetes screening recommendation. UK: NSC; 2014. https://legacyscreening.phe.org.uk/diabetes. Accessed January 9, 2019.
10
The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice. 9th ed. East Melbourne, Australia: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Ltd; 2018.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Summative Objective Structured Clinical Examination Assessment: A Mini Review
The end of any form of rigorous, specific, and high-stakes process of systematic and structured instruction is characterized by a summative assessment to evaluate the learner’s ability to apply the body of knowledge or clinical skills encountered and interacted with over a specific duration and to progress to the next phase of training. The aim of this project is to analyze the design, validity, delivery, supervision, and feedback of a summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessment. The results of this analysis showed a satisfactory and widely accepted method of assessment in medical education despite a few shortcomings. All forms of assessment have their inherent strengths and weaknesses, but it is essential that these assessments encourage future learning. Summative assessment has been proven to be a valid, comprehensive, and reliable method, and most importantly, it allows direct observation and evaluation of procedural and clinical skills.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_82148_4c8f768f74941c40331cab7b5ba53656.pdf
2018-12-27
140
142
10.29252/IJMR-050402
clinical examination
medical education
Summative Assessment
Taiwo
Akhigbe
akhigbetaiwo@yahoo.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital, Northern Ireland, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rust C, Price M, O’Donovan B. Improving students’ learning by developing their understanding of assessment criteria and processes. Assess Eval High Educ. 2003;28(2):147-164. doi:10.1080/02602930301671.
1
Ende J. Feedback in clinical medical education. JAMA. 1983;250(6):777-781. doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03340060055026.
2
Ben-David MF. The role of assessment in expanding professional horizons. Med Teach. 2000;22(5):472-477. doi:10.1080/01421590050110731.
3
Newble D. Techniques for measuring clinical competence: objective structured clinical examinations. Med Educ. 2004;38(2):199-203. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2004.01755.x.
4
Harden RM, Gleeson FA. Assessment of clinical competence using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Med Educ. 1979;13(1):41-54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb00918.x.
5
Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/ performance. Acad Med. 1990;65(9 Suppl):S63-67. doi:10.1097/00001888-199009000-00045.
6
Martin IG, Jolly B. Predictive validity and estimated cut score of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) used as an assessment of clinical skills at the end of the first clinical year. Med Educ. 2002;36(5):418-425. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01207.x.
7
Prislin MD, Fitzpatrick CF, Lie D, Giglio M, Radecki S, Lewis E. Use of an objective structured clinical examination in evaluating student performance. Fam Med. 1998;30(5):338-344.
8
Harden RM. Twelve tips for organizing an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Med Teach. 1990;12(3-4):259-264. doi:10.3109/01421599009006629.
9
Brown C, Ross S, Cleland J, Walsh K. Money makes the (medical assessment) world go round: The cost of components of a summative final year Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Med Teach. 2015;37(7):653-659. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2015.1033389.
10
Van Der Vleuten CP. The assessment of professional competence: Developments, research and practical implications. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 1996;1(1):41-67. doi:10.1007/BF00596229.
11
Rudland J, Wilkinson T, Smith-Han K, Thompson-Fawcett M. “You can do it late at night or in the morning. You can do it at home, I did it with my flatmate.” The educational impact of an OSCE. Med Teach. 2008;30(2):206-211. doi:10.1080/01421590701851312.
12
Ponnamperuma GG, Karunathilake IM, McAleer S, Davis MH. The long case and its modifications: a literature review. Med Educ. 2009;43(10):936-941. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03448.x.
13
Hattie J, Timperley H. The power of feedback. Rev Educ Res. 2007;77(1):81-112. doi:10.3102/003465430298487.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Melatonin Supplementation on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Critically Ill Patients
Critically ill patients are diagnosed with signs such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function impairment, dysfunction of the immune system, and acute inflammation. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenicity of most diseases in patients, especially those in intensive care units. Because of the side effects of chemical anti-inflammatory drugs, which include large intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and perforation, it seems that the use of natural anti-inflammatory compounds like melatonin could be very helpful. Melatonin productively interacts with different receptive nitrogen and oxygen species (receptor autonomous activities), up-regulates antioxidant chemicals, and down-regulates pro-oxidant chemicals (receptor-dependent activities). Melatonin attenuates molecular and cellular damage resulting from inflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that melatonin reduces inflammation and oxidative stress levels. Thus, the use of safe doses of melatonin can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. However, further studies are needed to verify these results.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_83011_d8e34ddf60faa740cbed833e04d06fd7.pdf
2018-12-27
143
145
10.29252/IJMR-050403
Inflammation Mediators
oxidative stress
Melatonin
Intensive Care Unit
Inpatients
Naseh
Pahlavani
pahlavanin951@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyedeh Shabnam
Mazloumi Kiapey
mazloumish@yahoo.com
2
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Safieh
Firouzi
firouzis@gmail.com
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Malekahmadi
mahsamalekahmadi66@yahoo.com
4
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Rankin JA. Biological mediators of acute inflammation. AACN Clin Issues. 2004;15(1):3-17.
1
Manzanares W, Dhaliwal R, Jiang X, Murch L, Heyland DK. Antioxidant micronutrients in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2012;16(2):R66. doi:10.1186/cc11316.
2
Talmor M, Hydo L, Barie PS. Relationship of systemic inflammatory response syndrome to organ dysfunction, length of stay, and mortality in critical surgical illness: effect of intensive care unit resuscitation. Arch Surg. 1999;134(1):81-87. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.1.81.
3
Yousef AA, Amr YM, Suliman GA. The diagnostic value of serum leptin monitoring and its correlation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R33. doi:10.1186/cc8911.
4
Cunha BA. Sepsis and septic shock: selection of empiric antimicrobial therapy. Crit Care Clin. 2008;24(2):313-334, ix. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2007.12.015.
5
Schacke H, Docke WD, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther. 2002;96(1):23-43. doi:10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00297-8.
6
Walsh TS, Stanworth SJ, Prescott RJ, Lee RJ, Watson DM, Wyncoll D. Prevalence, management, and outcomes of critically ill patients with prothrombin time prolongation in United Kingdom intensive care units. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(10):1939-1946. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181eb9d2b.
7
Suleyman H, Demircan B, Karagoz Y. Anti-inflammatory and side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep. 2007;59(3):247-258.
8
Stehle JH, Saade A, Rawashdeh O, et al. A survey of molecular details in the human pineal gland in the light of phylogeny, structure, function and chronobiological diseases. J Pineal Res. 2011;51(1):17-43. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00856.x.
9
Favero G, Franceschetti L, Bonomini F, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Modulating Inflammasome Activation. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:1835195. doi:10.1155/2017/1835195.
10
Hebert M, Martin SK, Lee C, Eastman CI. The effects of prior light history on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans. J Pineal Res. 2002;33(4):198-203. doi:10.1034/j.1600-079X.2002.01885.x.
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Yu HS, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: biosynthesis, physiological effects, and clinical applications. CRC Press; 1992.
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Kennaway DJ, Wright H. Melatonin and circadian rhythms. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002;2(2):199-209. doi:10.2174/1568026023394380.
14
Morcillo EJ, Estrela J, Cortijo J. Oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation: pharmacological intervention with antioxidants. Pharmacol Res. 1999;40(5):393-404. doi:10.1006/phrs.1999.0549.
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Rahman I, Morrison D, Donaldson K, MacNee W. Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(4 Pt 1):1055-1060. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887607.
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Steffes MW, Gross MD, Lee DH, Schreiner PJ, Jacobs DR Jr. Adiponectin, visceral fat, oxidative stress, and early macrovascular disease: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(2):319-326. doi:10.1038/oby.2006.41.
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Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(2):85-97. doi:10.1038/nri2921.
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Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Takada J, Alonso-Vale MI, Lima FB. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: from theory to practice. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(5 Suppl):S192-203. doi:10.2223/JPED.1709.
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Fernandez-Sanchez A, Madrigal-Santillan E, Bautista M, et al. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(5):3117-3132. doi:10.3390/ijms12053117.
21
Rahman I, MacNee W. Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation. Eur Respir J. 2000;16(3):534- 554. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.016003534.x.
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Nathan C. Specificity of a third kind: reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in cell signaling. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(6):769-778. doi:10.1172/JCI18174.
23
Reiter RJ, Calvo JR, Karbownik M, Qi W, Tan DX. Melatonin and its relation to the immune system and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917(1):376-386. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05402.x.
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Radogna F, Diederich M, Ghibelli L. Melatonin: a pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010;80(12):1844-1852. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.041.
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28
Alamili M, Bendtzen K, Lykkesfeldt J, Rosenberg J, Gogenur I. Melatonin suppresses markers of inflammation and oxidative damage in a human daytime endotoxemia model. J Crit Care. 2014;29(1):184.e189-184.e113. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.09.006.
29
Carrillo-Vico A, Lardone PJ, Naji L, et al. Beneficial pleiotropic actions of melatonin in an experimental model of septic shock in mice: regulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine network, protection against oxidative damage and anti-apoptotic effects. J Pineal Res. 2005;39(4):400-408. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00265.x.
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Gitto E, Romeo C, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in surgical neonates. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(2):184-189; discussion 184-189. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2003.10.003.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.: Food and Drug
Medicinal plants are natural sources of bioactive phytochemical constituents which, for the physiological actions produced on the human organism, can be used against many diseases. For this reason, it is necessary for medicinal plants to be assessed for their phytochemistry in order to ascertain the potential of these indigenous sources of medicinal products. Today, people around the world are interested in using herbal medicines rather than synthetic drugs because of their minor side effects and low cost; however, there is little scientific evidence for the healing properties of these natural drugs. Scientific validation of their properties is required for their safe use. Cardiospermumhalicacabum L., from the family Sapindaceae, is a widespread perennial plant, different parts of which have been used by indigenous populations in various parts of the world both as food and in the treatment of many pathologies. Knowledge of the plant’s chemical components and their standardization and in vitro and in vivo experimentation to evaluate its pharmacological activity are means by which the quality of the drug and its possible toxicity can be controlled and adulterations with other similar species can be revealed in order to guarantee the safety and well-being of the consumer. The complex chemical composition and multiplicity of applications of C. halicacabum L. have attracted the attention of researchers who, applying modern methodologies, have ascertained the safety and validity of its use in the treatment of many pathologies.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_82554_05b68a192cffd28dd75ed499edfa97b3.pdf
2018-12-27
146
150
10.29252/IJMR-050404
Analytical Composition
Cardiospermum Halicacabum
food
pharmacological activity
Lydia
Ferrara
lyferrar@unina.it
1
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gildenhuys E, Ellis AG, Carroll SP, Le Roux JJ. The ecology, biogeography, history and future of two globally important weeds: Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. and C. grandiflorum Sw. NeoBiota. 2013;19:45-65. doi:10.3897/neobiota.19.5279.
1
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2
Kavitha KN, Ruckmani A, Meti V. Study of anti-snake venom activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Linn. - an in-vitro and invivo study. World J Pharm Res. 2016;5(9):950-964. doi:10.20959/wjpr20169-6919.
3
Ragupathy S, Newmaster SG, Gopinadhan P, Newmaster CB. Exploring ethnobiological classifications for novel alternative medicine: a case study of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (‘Modakathon’, balloon vine) as a traditional herb for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Ethnobotany. 2007;19(1-2):1-16.
4
Muthumani P, Meera R, Venkatraman S, Ganapathy S, Devi P. Study of phyto chemical, analgesic and anti ulcer activity of extracts of aerial parts of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2010; 1(10):128-137. doi:10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.1(10).128-37.
5
Desai KB, Sethna S. Chemical investigation of the roots of the Indian medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum. J Maharaja Sayaji Rao Univ Baroda. 1954;3:33-39.
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Rao CV, Gunasekar D. Chemical examination of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Acta Cienc Indica Chem. 1987;13(3):169-170.
7
Wei JH, Chen J, Cai SF, Lu RM, Lin SW. Chemical constituents in whole herb of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. 2011;42(8):1509-1511.
8
Grace XF, Latha S, Shanthi S, Seethalakshmi S, Chamundeeswari D, Manna PK. Isolation and characterisation of Cardiospermum halicacabum mucilage. Int J Green Pharm. 2011;5(4):314-317. doi:10.4103/0973-8258.94354.
9
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Dhayabaran D, Florance J, Krsihnadas N, Indumathi V, Muralidhar TS. Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2012;22(3):623-629. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000017.
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Kumar R, Murugananthan G, Nandakumar K, Talwar S. Isolation of anxiolytic principle from ethanolic root extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Phytomedicine. 2011;18(2-3):219- 223. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.002.
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Malaviya S, Nandakumar K, Vaghasiya JD, et al. Anxiolytic activity of root extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum in mice. Internet J Pharmacol. 2009;7(1):1-6. doi:10.5580/1e23.
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Mohaddesi B, Dudhrejiya A, Sheth N. Anticancer screening of various seed extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum on human colorectal, skin and breast cancer cell lines. Arch Breast Cancer. 2015;2(3):91-95. doi:10.19187/abc.20152391-95.
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Menichini F, Losi L, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Loizzo MR, Tundis R. Chemical profiling and in vitro biological effects of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindaceae) aerial parts and seeds for applications in neurodegenerative disorders. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2014;29(5):677-685. doi:10.3109/14756366.2013.840614.
43
Waako PJ, Gumede B, Smith P, Folb PI. The in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. and Momordica foetida Schumch. Et Thonn. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;99(1):137-143. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.017.
44
Shabi MM, Dhevi R, Gayathri K, Subashini U, Rajamanickam GV, Dubey GP. Investigation on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of C. halicacabum Linn. Bulg J Vet Med. 2009;12(3):171-177.
45
Sheeba MS, Asha VV. Effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;106(1):105-110. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.009.
46
Rao NV, Prakash KC, Shanta Kumar SM. Pharmacological investigation of Cardiospermum halicacabum (Linn) in different animal models of diarrhea. Indian J Pharmacol. 2006;38(5):346-349. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.27703.
47
Boonmars T, Khunkitti W, Sithithaworn P, Fujimaki Y. In vitro antiparasitic activity of extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum against third-stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Parasitol Res. 2005;97(5):417-419. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-1470-z.
48
Dinithi L, Peiris C, Dhanushka MAT, Jayathilake TAHDG. Evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) on fertility of male rats. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:175726. doi:10.1155/2015/175726.
49
Parameshappa B, Ali Basha MS, Sen S, et al. Acetaminopheninduced nephrotoxicity in rats: protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Pharm Biol. 2012;50(2):247-253. doi:10.3109/13880209.2011.596843.
50
Santha Kumari G, Pillai NR, Nair RB. Diuretic activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. in rats. J Sci Res Plant Med. 1981;2(1-2):32-34.
51
Rajesh S, Sivakumari K, Ashok K, Abitha AR. Anti-cancer activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. leaf extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep-G2). World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;5(3):1133-1154.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of the Glycemic Index of Pre-exercise Meals in Sports Performance: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) is essential for physical exercise. Some strategies for improving performance are based on the manipulation of the glycemic index (GI) of this nutrient during pre-exercise. Although several studies have been conducted on this subject, the use of low or high GI in a pre-exercise meal to improve performance remains undefined. Methods: In the present systematic review, the Pubmed (Medline) and Virtual Health Library databases were searched for randomized clinical trials conducted with healthy, physically active adults between 2006 and 2019, in which performance in addition to blood biochemical parameters, substrate utilization, body composition, perception of effort, and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated. The identified articles were independently and blindly evaluated by two authors, and any disagreements were resolved by a third investigator. Results: Five of the sixteen studies reviewed found differences in performance; of these, four were with low GI intervention. Few studies showed modifications in blood lactate and glucose levels beyond fatty free acid oxidation. No differences could be seen in the other parameters. The results as well as the methodologies used were heterogeneous; therefore, there are no clear advantages in determining the specific GI of the pre-exercise meal. Conclusions: There is no evidence that the pre-exercise meal GI influences performance. The heterogeneity of the studies precludes further conclusions.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_83012_d1afa9a520a39336bf590ec602f8f793.pdf
2018-12-27
151
158
10.29252/IJMR-050405
Glycemic index
Exercise
Athletic Performance
Laura
Ferrugem
l.cferrugem@hotmail.com
1
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
AUTHOR
Gabriela
Martini
gabrielalmartini@gmail.com
2
Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health (PPGANS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
AUTHOR
Carolina
de Souza
carolina.guerini@ufrgs.br
3
Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health (PPGANS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
LEAD_AUTHOR
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(3):543-568. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000852.
1
Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SH, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrates for training and competition. J Sports Sci. 2011;29 Suppl 1:S17-27. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.585473.
2
Stellingwerff T, Cox GR. Systematic review: Carbohydrate supplementation on exercise performance or capacity of varying durations. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(9):998-1011. doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0027.
3
Konig D, Theis S, Kozianowski G, Berg A. Postprandial substrate use in overweight subjects with the metabolic syndrome after isomaltulose (Palatinose) ingestion. Nutrition. 2012;28(6):651- 656. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.019.
4
van Can JGP, van Loon LJC, Brouns F, Blaak EE. Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose and isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1210-1217. doi:10.1017/S0007114511006714.
5
Oosthuyse T, Carstens M, Millen AM. Ingesting Isomaltulose Versus Fructose-Maltodextrin During Prolonged Moderate-Heavy Exercise Increases Fat Oxidation but Impairs Gastrointestinal Comfort and Cycling Performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(5):427-438. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0178.
6
Ormsbee MJ, Bach CW, Baur DA. Pre-exercise nutrition: the role of macronutrients, modified starches and supplements on metabolism and endurance performance. Nutrients. 2014;6(5):1782-1808. doi:10.3390/nu6051782.
7
Febbraio MA, Keenan J, Angus DJ, Campbell SE, Garnham AP. Preexercise carbohydrate ingestion, glucose kinetics, and muscle glycogen use: effect of the glycemic index. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89(5):1845-1851. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1845.
8
Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(12):1017-1024. doi:10.1080/02640410310001641403.
9
Naderi A, de Oliveira EP, Ziegenfuss TN, Willems MT. Timing, Optimal Dose and Intake Duration of Dietary Supplements with Evidence-Based Use in Sports Nutrition. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2016;20(4):1-12. doi:10.20463/jenb.2016.0031.
10
dos Santos Fontan J, Amadio MB. Use of carbohydrate before physical activity as ergogenic aid: a systematic review. [O uso do carboidrato antes da atividade física como recurso ergogênico: revisão sistemática]. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2015;21(2):153-157. doi:10.1590/1517-86922015210201933.
11
Donaldson CM, Perry TL, Rose MC. Glycemic index and endurance performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(2):154-165. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.2.154.
12
O’Reilly J, Wong SH, Chen Y. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and exercise performance. Sports Med. 2010;40(1):27-39. doi:10.2165/11319660-000000000-00000.
13
Higgins JPT GS. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. http://handbook.cochrane.org. Published 2011.
14
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.
15
Wu CL, Williams C. A low glycemic index meal before exercise improves endurance running capacity in men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(5):510-527. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.510.
16
Moore LJ, Midgley AW, Thomas G, Thurlow S, McNaughton LR. The effects of low- and high-glycemic index meals on time trial performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2009;4(3):331-344. doi:10.1123/ijspp.4.3.331.
17
Wong SH, Chen YJ, Fung WM, Morris JG. Effect of glycemic index meals on recovery and subsequent endurance capacity. Int J Sports Med. 2009;30(12):898-905. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237710.
18
Moore LJ, Midgley AW, Thurlow S, Thomas G, Mc Naughton LR. Effect of the glycaemic index of a pre-exercise meal on metabolism and cycling time trial performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13(1):182-188. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.11.006.
19
Moore L, Szpalek HM, McNaughton LR. Preexercise high and low glycemic index meals and cycling performance in untrained females: randomized, cross-over trial of efficacy. Res Sports Med. 2013;21(1):24-36. doi:10.1080/15438627.2012.738442.
20
Konig D, Zdzieblik D, Holz A, Theis S, Gollhofer A. Substrate Utilization and Cycling Performance Following Palatinose Ingestion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(7). doi:10.3390/nu8070390.
21
Bennett CB, Chilibeck PD, Barss T, Vatanparast H, Vandenberg A, Zello GA. Metabolism and performance during extended high-intensity intermittent exercise after consumption of low- and high-glycaemic index pre-exercise meals. Br J Nutr. 2012;108 Suppl 1:S81-90. doi:10.1017/S0007114512000840.
22
Wong SH, Chan OW, Chen YJ, Hu HL, Lam CW, Chung PK. Effect of preexercise glycemic-index meal on running when CHO-electrolyte solution is consumed during exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(3):222-242. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.19.3.222.
23
Hulton AT, Gregson W, Maclaren D, Doran DA. Effects of GI meals on intermittent exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2012;33(9):756-762. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299754.
24
Chen YJ, Wong SH, Chan CO, Wong CK, Lam CW, Siu PM. Effects of glycemic index meal and CHO-electrolyte drink on cytokine response and run performance in endurance athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(6):697-703. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.05.007.
25
Kern M, Heslin CJ, Rezende RS. Metabolic and performance effects of raisins versus sports gel as pre-exercise feedings in cyclists. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1204-1207. doi:10.1519/R-21226.1.
26
Little JP, Chilibeck PD, Ciona D, Vandenberg A, Zello GA. The effects of low- and high-glycemic index foods on high-intensity intermittent exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2009;4(3):367- 380. doi:10.1123/ijspp.4.3.367.
27
Little JP, Chilibeck PD, Ciona D, et al. Effect of low- and high-glycemic-index meals on metabolism and performance during high-intensity, intermittent exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(6):447-456. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.447.
28
Jamurtas AZ, Tofas T, Fatouros I, et al. The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011;8:15. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-8-15.
29
Moore LJ, Midgley A, Vince R, McNaughton LR. The effects of low and high glycemic index 24-h recovery diets on cycling time trial performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011;51(2):233-240.
30
Brown LJ, Midgley AW, Vince RV, Madden LA, McNaughton LR. High versus low glycemic index 3-h recovery diets following glycogen-depleting exercise has no effect on subsequent 5-km cycling time trial performance. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(5):450- 454. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.10.006.
31
Stevenson E, Williams C, McComb G, Oram C. Improved recovery from prolonged exercise following the consumption of low glycemic index carbohydrate meals. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(4):333-349. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.4.333.
32
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do Exercício - Nutrição, Energia e Desempenho Humano. 8th ed. Guanabara Koogan; 2016.
33
Lima-Silva AE, Fernandes TC, De-Oliveira FR, Nakamura FY, da Silva Gevaerd M. Muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise: mechanism of regulation. Rev Nutr. 2007;20(4):417-429. doi:10.1590/S1415-52732007000400009.
34
da Silva AL, Miranda GDF, Liberali R. A influência dos carboidratos antes, durante e após-treinos de alta intensidade. Rev Bras Nutr Esportiva. 2008;2(10):211-224.
35
de Moraes Bertuzzi RC, Lima-Silva AE, Abad CC, de Oliveira Pires F. Lactate metabolism: a review on bioenergetics and muscle fatigue. [Metabolismo do lactato: uma revisão sobre a bioenergética e a fadiga muscular]. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum. 2009;11(2):226-234. doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2009v11n2p226.
36
Nalbandian M, Takeda M. Lactate as a Signaling Molecule That Regulates Exercise-Induced Adaptations. Biology (Basel). 2016;5(4). doi:10.3390/biology5040038.
37
Burdon CA, Spronk I, Cheng HL, O’Connor HT. Effect of glycemic index of a pre-exercise meal on endurance exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47(6):1087-1101. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0632-8.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Iran’s Trend in Scientific Ranking in Health Policy Research Based on the Scopus Citation Database: A 15-Year Scientometric Study
Introduction: The current study evaluated Iran’s ranking in health policy research compared with the world and with countries of West Asia and North Africa based on the Scopus database. Methods: The present review considered 2 criteria for ranking: (1) the number of indexed papers, and (2) citations to the papers in Scopus. Changes in Iran’s scientific ranking based on both indicators from 2002 to 2016 were compared with those of other countries. Results: In general, Iran’s ranking in the world had a relatively mild growth based on both indicators. Iran achieved its most desirable rankings in the based on number of papers in the year 2014 with the ranking of 19 and in the year 2011 with the ranking of 25 based on the number of citations. Iran ranked much higher based on the number of papers in West Asia and North Africa, going from 5th place in 2002 and 10th place in 2003 to first place in the region in 2014. Based on number of citations, Iran ranked second in the region in the year 2016. Conclusions: In recent years, the status of research in the field of health policy in Iran has advanced. Efforts to index all Iranian health policy journals in the Scopus database and to increase scientific collaborations and financing can improve the position of Iran’s scientific ranking in terms of number of articles and citations in the field of health policy.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_82204_6ccf9b589bd3bff933c10329b5a13444.pdf
2018-12-27
159
162
10.29252/IJMR-050406
health policy
Research
Database
Mahmood
Salesi
smahmood1360@yahoo.com
1
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Sadr
aalissadr@gmail.com
2
Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Nikpajouh
dr.nikpajouh@gmail.com
3
Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Vahedian-Azimi
amirvahedian63@gmail.com
4
Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Mohammadi
ehsanmohammadi1370@gmail.com
5
Department of Bioelectric and Biomedical Engineering and Student Research Committee, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Karambakhsh
arkarambakhsh@gmail.com
6
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Shojae
shojaee@gmail.com
7
Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Pasha
pasha5587@yahoo.com
8
Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmadi B, Farzadi F, Alimohammadian M. Women’s health in Iran: issues and challenges. Payesh. 2012;11(1):127-137. [Persian].
1
Collins C, Green A, Hunter D. Health sector reform and the interpretation of policy context. Health Policy. 1999;47(1):69-83. doi:10.1016/S0168-8510(99)00003-2.
2
Buse K, Mays N, Walt G. Making health policy. McGraw-Hill Education; 2012.
3
Collins C, Hunter DJ, Green A. The market and health sector reform. J Manag Med. 1994;8(2):42-55. doi:10.1108/02689239410059633.
4
Hashemian SMR, Farzanegan B, Fathi M, et al. Stress among Iranian nurses in critical wards. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(6):e22612. doi:10.5812/ircmj.22612v2.
5
Vahedian-Azimi A, Hajiesmaeili M, Kangasniemi M, et al. Effects of Stress on Critical Care Nurses: A National Cross- Sectional Study. J Intensive Care Med. 2017:885066617696853. doi:10.1177/0885066617696853.
6
José Luiz C. de Araújo Jr, Maciel Filho R. Developing an operational framework for health policy analysis. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2001;1(3):203-221. doi:10.1590/S1519-38292001000300002.
7
Doshmangir L, Mostafavi H, Rashidian A. How to do Policy Analysis? A View on Approaches & Modes of Policy Analysis in Health Sector. Hakim Health Sys Res. 2014;17(2):138-150.
8
Tarighat Monfared MH, Akhavan Bebahani A, Hasanzadeh A. Principles and basis of the national health policy. Tehran: The Office of Social Studies Majlis Research Centre (MRC) Publication; 2008. [Persian].
9
Uzoka F. A fuzzy-enhanced multiincleria decision analysis model for evaluating university academics’ research output. Info Knowl Syst Manag. 2008;7:273-299
10
Osareh F, Wilson CS. A comparison of Iranian scientific publications in the Science Citation Index: 1985-1989 and 1990-1994. Scientometrics. 2000;48(3):427-442. doi:10.1023/A:1005648723433.
11
Sabouri AA. Research report status of Iran in 2002. Rahyaft. 2003;28:87-95. [Persian].
12
Osareh F, Marefat R. The growth of scientific productivity of Iranian researchers in Medline. Rahyaft. 2005;35:39-44. [Persian].
13
Radmard AR, Khademi H, Azarmina P, et al. Iran’s biomedical sciences’ research output in 2003: A bibliographic analysis of Medline and Excerpta Medica databases. Arch Iran Med. 2005;8(3):180-183.
14
Moin M, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. Scientific output of Iran at the threshold of the 21st century. Scientometrics. 2005;62(2):239-248. doi:10.1007/s11192-005-0017-5.
15
Habibi G, Rashidi A, Feldman MD. Emerging concerns about Iran’s scientific and medical future. Lancet. 2006;368(9540):985. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69403-8.
16
Habibzadeh F, Vessal K. Scientific research in Iran: forgotten factors. Lancet. 2006;368(9546):1494. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69635-9.
17
Saadat SH, Izadi M, Aslani J, Ghanei M. How well establishment of research plans can improve scientific ranking of medical universities. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015;17(2):e18269. doi:10.5812/ircmj.18269.
18
Six report on international comparative performance of UK research base 2009. http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets. Published 2012.
19
Persson O. Are highly cited papers more international? Scientometrics. 2010;83(2):397-401. doi:10.1007/s11192-009-0007-0.
20
van den Besselaar P, Hemlin S, van der Weijden I. Collaboration and Competition in Research. High Educ Policy. 2012;25(3):263- 266. doi:10.1057/hep.2012.16.
21
Cronin B, Shaw D. Citation, funding acknowledgement and author nationality relationships in four information science journals. J Doc. 1999;55(4):402-408. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000007153.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence of Depression Among Nurses in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Introduction: Nurses are at risk of depression at a rate twice as high as other professionals. Depression in addition to individual effects also influence quality of work and organizational performance. Surveying the prevalence of depression in nurses will help policymakers make systematic plans in this regard. Because of the importance of this issue, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among nurses in Iran. Methods: All published studies concerning the prevalence of depression among nurses in Iran during the 20-year period of 1997 to 2017 were extracted and studied using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted for articles using the keywords “Nurses”, “Depression”, and “Iran” in the local databases of SID, Iran Medex, and Mag Iran and in the international databases of PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The extracted data was analyzed using STATA software, version 11, using the random effects model. Results: A total of 14 studies with 4062 participating nurses from different wards and hospitals were analyzed. The overall pooled estimate of depression prevalence among Iranian nurses was 26.88% (95% CI: 21.45%, 31.91%). Subgroup analysis showed that the estimated prevalence rates of depression among military nurses and public nurses were 22.38% (95% CI: 19.45%, 25.30%) and 28.12% (95% CI: 21.46%, 34.78%), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression among Iranian nurses was relatively high. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to planning and the prevention of depression in nurses.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_82415_f49d2e8834bf717d85036e6d7c137b66.pdf
2018-12-27
163
167
10.29252/IJMR-050407
Nurses
depression
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Zhila
Fereidouni
fereidouni@gmail.com
1
School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
AUTHOR
Azizallah
Dehghan
dehghanaz@gmail.com
2
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Najafi Kalyani
majidnajafi5@yahoo.com
3
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lin HS, Probst JC, Hsu YC. Depression among female psychiatric nurses in southern Taiwan: main and moderating effects of job stress, coping behaviour and social support. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(15- 16):2342-2354. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03216.x.
1
Brandford AA, Reed DB. Depression in Registered Nurses: A State of the Science. Workplace Health Saf. 2016;64(10):488-511. doi:10.1177/2165079916653415.
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Depression in the US household population, 2009-2012. National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics; 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db172.htm. Accessed 2018.
3
Morrison-Valfre M. Foundations of Mental Health Care. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
4
Blackmore ER, Stansfeld SA, Weller I, Munce S, Zagorski BM, Stewart DE. Major depressive episodes and work stress: results from a national population survey. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(11):2088-2093. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.104406.
5
Melchior M, Caspi A, Milne BJ, Danese A, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Work stress precipitates depression and anxiety in young, working women and men. Psychol Med. 2007;37(8):1119-1129. doi:10.1017/S0033291707000414.
6
Kassani A, Niazi M, Menati R, Alimohamadi Y, Menati W. Relationship between nurses’ depression and quality of life: applying path analysis model. Quarterly Journal of Nersing Management. 2014;3(2):61-69. [Persian].
7
Khamseh F, Roohi H, Ebaady A, Hajiamini Z, Salimi H, Radfar S. Survey relationship between demographic factors and stress, anxiety and depression in nurses working in selected hospitals in Tehran city . Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery. 2011;21(1):13-21. [Persian]
8
Chen YM, Chen SH, Tsai CY, Lo LY. Role stress and job satisfaction for nurse specialists. J Adv Nurs. 2007;59(5):497-509. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04339.x.
9
Nasl Saraji G, Dargahi H. Study of quality of work life (QWL). Iran J Public Health. 2006;35(4):8-14.
10
Samadi S, Golmohammadi A, Seyedahmadian S, Rezapour T, Panahi H. The relationship between job stress and occupational empowerment of nurses in selected military hospitals of the country. Journal of Police Medicine. 2013;2(1):31-37. [Persian].
11
Taghva A, Yazdani A, Ebrahimi MR, Alizadeh K, Sakhabakhsh M. Prevalence of depression in psychiatric nurses and comparison with other parts of the AJA hospitals. Nurse and Physician within War. 2013;23(24):11-16. [Persian].
12
Kazemi Galougahi MH, Kouhian K. A study of depression prevalence of nurses and it’s effective factors in Tehran. Nurse and Physician Within War. 2010;14:8-11. [Persian].
13
Asad Zandi M, Sayari R, Ebadi A, Sanainasab H. Abundance of depression, anxiety and stress in militant Nurses. Journal of Military Medicine. 2011;13(2):103-108. [Persian].
14
Khalilzadeh R, Yavarian R, Khalkhali HR. The relationship of job stress, depression and anxiety of nursing staff of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 2005;3(1):10-17. [Persian].
15
Yasemi M, Peyman H, Khajavikhan J, et al. Prevalence of Depression among Nurses Working in the Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units. Journal of Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2014;6(4):70-77. [Persian].
16
Khani H, Ghodsi H, Nezhadnik H, Teymori S, Ghodsi A. Depression and its relationship with hypochondriasis in nurses in Neyshabur, Iran. Military Caring Sciences. 2016;3(1):34-40. doi:10.18869/ acadpub.mcs.3.1.34. [Persian].
17
Alipoor R, Ebrahimi A, Omidi R, Hedayati A, Ranjbar H, Hosseinpour S. Depression, anxiety, stress and related demographic variables in nurses of Valiasr hospital in Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015;13(4):51-59. [Persian].
18
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