ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Review on Foreign Body Obstruction in Throat and A Case of Molar Tooth in Esophagus
The ingestion of various foreign bodies that causes respiratory trouble and dysphagia is a worldwide problem among all age groups. Securing the airway by tracheostomy is imperative, and direct laryngoscopy gives prompt analysis. The significance of the contributory history and its perception is accentuated in the findings and early treatment. Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat are at times found in family pharmaceutical, ordinarily in children. The most widely recognized foreign bodies are bits of food, plastic toys, and little family things. Determination is frequently postponed in light of the fact that the causative occasion is generally in secret, the manifestations are nonspecific, and patients are frequently misdiagnosed at first. Most remote bodies in the ear and nose can be removed by a talented doctor in the workplace with negligible danger of inconveniences. Normal evacuation techniques include the utilization of forceps, a water system, or a suction catheter. Foreign bodies in the pharyngeus or trachea are medical crises requiring surgery. Radiography is regularly prescribed. Adaptable or inflexible endoscopy as a rule is required to affirm the diagnosis and to expel the foreign body. Doctors need to employ a large amount of doubt for foreign bodies in children with unexplained upper airway side effects. It is essential to get it the life systems and the signs for subspecialist referral. Sufficient proof to make solid proposals for particular expulsion strategies is lacking.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61366_4d66d8ef8255a56e8a57662ca7a57f92.pdf
2016-11-01
469
471
10.15171/ijmr.2016.02
Tooth
Fish Bone
Foreign Bodies
Emergency
Airway
Stridor
Obstruction
Tracheostomy
Philip
Mathew
1
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
AUTHOR
Rahul
Tiwari
drrahulvctiwari@gmail.com
2
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jisha
David
3
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
AUTHOR
Heena
Tiwari
4
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Need for Supplementary Health Insurance in Iran
Global experiences show that it is practically and economically impossible to aggregate all services in the form of public health insurance with the increasing diversity in patient care services, and any institution which receives per capita payments, is able to provide all services. Considering the growing diagnostic costs in our country, it is not practically feasible to use more up-to-date and expensive medical technology and the introduction of new therapies that cover the treatment costs in the form of basic health and state-owned insurances; as a result of the progress of this trend, more and more people will be deprived of appropriate health services on a daily basis; therefore supplemental insurances are used in many countries to cover some services.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61367_ed48ca232ecea9f75846bd20a6ce1bf4.pdf
2016-11-01
472
475
10.15171/ijmr.2016.03
Insurance
Health
Supplementary Medical Insurance
Health Services
Seyed Morteza
Adyani
1
Atiyeh Sazane Hafez, Treatment Supplement Insurance, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Roya
Ahmadi
2
Atiyeh Sazane Hafez, Treatment Supplement Insurance, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ezzatollah
Gol-Alizadeh
dr.golalizadeh@gmail.com
3
Health Insurance Organization of Iran’s Medical Council, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
How Important Is Oral Health in Determining Quality of Life: A Narrative Review
There have been changes in the perceptions of health and healthcare. The key elements steering this change are the identification of social ramifications of disease and the agreement that healthcare strategies are directed at increasing the length and standard of life. There is a lack of consensus on defining the expression “quality of Life” (QoL). Some believe that QoL is synonymous with health, while others suggest that it is a comprehensive domain inclusive of larger domains relating to human experience. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a comparatively recent phenomenon which has emerged over the last couple of decades. A potential reason for the recent emergence of OHRQoL could be the rather limited realization of the ramifications of deteriorated oral health on QoL. This paper attempts to identify various oral conditions and sociodemographics that affect the QoL of people. Since OHRQoL is a subjective measure, it is not exclusively dictated by oral health status. The concept of hierarchy of needs was highlighted to explain the poor utilization of oral health services, and it was concluded that the promotion of health and the creation of a complimentary socioeconomic environment are the only ways to improve people’s QoL.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61368_80c5e1ce89de0253db58bbcdbc8e71c9.pdf
2016-11-01
476
481
10.15171/ijmr.2016.04
Oral Disease Burden
Quality of Life
Socioeconomic Inequalities
Hierarchy of Needs
Viswa Chaitanya
Chandu
viswachaitanya17@gmail.com
1
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Srinivas
Pachava
srinivaspachava@gmail.com
2
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Viswanath
Vadapalli
3
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Srinivas
Ravoori
4
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Pavani Madhu
Nizampatnam
5
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Nandita Rani
Kothia
6
SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Intravitreal Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Narrative Review
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the next most common retinal vascular disorder following diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema is the most frequent cause of visual impairment in patients with BRVO. For many years, grid laser photocoagulation was the standard of care for the treatment of BRVO-associated macular edema. Grid laser photocoagulation was used for patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO longer than 3 months and visual acuity less than 20/40. Currently increasing data supports the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in the treatment of BRVO-associated macular edema. Recent studies have shown that intravitreal bevacizumab injection is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of BRVO-associated macular edema; however, the recurrence of macular edema is common following an intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents such as ranibizumab, pegaptanib, and aflibercept are effective options. Combining anti-VEGFS with grid laser may be effective in refractory cases and also may prolong the interval between intravitreal injections. Switching to a different anti-VEGF or dexamethasone implant may be effective in the treatment of refractory cases; however, the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant may diminish after a few months, and elevated intraocular pressure and cataract formation may occur.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61369_76ceca3156d7f21fbb111e75a3add2bc.pdf
2016-11-01
482
488
10.15171/ijmr.2016.05
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Macular Edema
Anti-VEGF
Intravitreal Injection
Hamidreza
Torabi
dr_hamidrezatorabi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Ophthalmology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Graves’ Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Introduction: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that is associated with thyroid gland involvement and is most common in young women. During pregnancy, it is the main cause of hyperthyroidism, as the thyroid gland volume and thyroid hormone synthesis increase. Changes in the immune system during pregnancy can affect the onset of disease. During pregnancy, the pathological cause of Graves’ disease is immune deficiency. This study investigated changes in the thyroid gland occurring during pregnancy, the causes of Graves’ disease during pregnancy, and its diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: A search of Google scholar, Ovid, and MEDLINE was conducted with the search terms Graves’ disease, pregnancy, and treatment.
Results: A total of 65 titles were initially identified with the search strategy described. Twenty-five publications were excluded. Out of the remaining articles, 19 articles were used in terms of content. Treatment for Graves’ disease is determined according to the patient’s condition, the priority of the patient, and the resources available. Treatments include oral anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine, and surgical procedures. Among the oral prophylactic drugs, Propylthiouracil is used during lactation. Radioactive iodine is not used during pregnancy or lactation. Thyroidectomy is better to be used in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Conclusion: The treatment of Graves’ disease is very important; if not treated, this disease causes many complications with the fetus. After delivery, the mother and the baby should be monitored for thyroid problems. Pre- and postpartum planning and the effective management of Graves’ disease in women of childbearing age are necessary to prevent the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease during pregnancy.
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61370_f11b3f8dca5feade5929350580cc95c9.pdf
2016-11-01
489
493
10.15171/ijmr.2016.06
Graves’ Disease
Pregnancy
Therapeutics
Raheleh
Rezaei Rad
1
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Pazokian
pazokian@sbmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Focus of Primary Hyperhidrosis Studies: Resolving Compensatory Sweating After Surgeries
https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61371_5732a9d789c0a124a59f4a972ea87a92.pdf
2016-11-01
494
494
10.15171/ijmr.2016.07
Shahram
Manoochehry
shahram.manoochehry@yahoo.com
1
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR