Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901A Commentary on Provided Information Resources in the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran10510713846910.30491/ijmr.2020.245500.1135ENMeisam DastaniVice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran0000-0002-5631-539xSomayeh PanahiDepartment of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-3736-7338Journal Article20200826 <span class="fontstyle0">COVID-19 which was at first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has rapidly spread around the universe, and has caused serious public health issues. So far, no definitive treatment or cure has been discovered for this disease. This means there is a need for people’s self-care and self-control in order to prevent this disease and its outbreak. Communities need to learn how to protect themselves from the potential severe effects of this new unknown virus.<br />Accessing health information, especially from authentic channels is a substantial step in improving health promotion. Health information is the data related to a person's medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes.</span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">A perspective on the significance of pandemics, information should be presented to public in the appropriate format and the right time. During the spread of COVID-19, different individuals and organizations began to produce and disseminate information. Due to the emergency situation of the COVID-19 crisis, various strategies have been used for disseminating information in digital operating systems. It is worth mentioning that reviewing these operating systems is just as much important.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138469_133a5eca959a9fc38f1b972ae1bcc252.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Rural and Urban Mothers in Nigeria: A Systematic Review10811513847210.30491/ijmr.2020.231196.1112ENTemitope JohnAlabiIndependent Researcher, Opposite Light House Academy, Makutu, Isanlu Makutu0000000237765424Kryl AnnElefaneIndependent Researcher, Opposite Light House Academy, Makutu, Isanlu Makutu.Journal Article20200617 <span class="fontstyle0">Introduction: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There have been several policies backed up by improved national legislations designed to promote exclusive breastfeeding in the country, however the practice is still low and is actually declining. Therefore, there is a need to synthesize the barriers to this practice in order to serve as a resource for reviewing and strengthening the existing policies. The aim of this study was to review and synthesize the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding practice among rural and urban mothers in Nigeria.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Methods: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Databases such as PubMed and African Journal Online were searched with keywords and synonyms related to the topic. Similar concepts were thereafter organized into themes through reciprocal translations followed by reading and interpretations.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The key barriers to exclusive breastfeeding reported in the study include wrong perceptions and practices, low parental socio-economic status and poor spousal support. The identified gaps in the existing knowledge were inadequate support for less reported breastfeeding problems such as sore nipples, inadequate lactation rooms and creches in public and private workplaces, and inadequate enlightenment campaigns about exclusive breastfeeding practice in the country.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study has reviewed and synthesized the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among rural and urban mothers across the six geopolitical zones of the country. Consequently, it advocates, among other recommendations, for the full implementation of the National Policy on Food and Nutrition and improvement in the quality of services rendered in the antenatal and postnatal clinics across the country through regular training of health workers. Finally, it encourages the funding of studies into complaints of fatigue in the course of adopting exclusive breastfeeding.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138472_9379b5f3f2c9f19467986d8d2ab6fea3.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901Miracle Herb to Cure HIV-Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa): A Review11612113847410.30491/ijmr.2020.248438.1144ENNaina Mohamed Pakkir MaideenDubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates0000-0002-6950-9783Journal Article20200915 <span class="fontstyle0">The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) damages the immune system and interferes with the body’s ability to fight infections and it is caused by a retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The patients with HIV/AIDS are currently managed with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) or a combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) which includes Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs), Protease Inhibitors (PIs), Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs), Fusion Inhibitors (FIs) and Chemokine Receptor antagonists (CCR5 antagonists). The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested systematically testing ethnomedicines against HIV to find more options for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This review focuses on the potentials of </span><span class="fontstyle0">N. sativa </span><span class="fontstyle0">in the management of HIV/AIDS. The antiviral potentials of </span><span class="fontstyle0">N. sativa </span><span class="fontstyle0">have been observed in many in-vivo and in-vitro studies while previous studies have confirmed the immunomodulatory effects of </span><span class="fontstyle0">N. sativa</span><span class="fontstyle0">. Above all, various pilot studies and case reports have demonstrated that the administration of </span><span class="fontstyle0">N. sativa </span><span class="fontstyle0">produced complete seroreversion of viral load in many HIV/AIDS patients, miraculously. Hence, </span><span class="fontstyle0">N. sativa </span><span class="fontstyle0">could be used alone or in combination with HAART therapy to cure the patients with HIV/AIDS.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138474_1c4546115e9549b6a153c3e31195f0a3.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901The Role of SARS-CoV-2 in Male Reproduction12212713847510.30491/ijmr.2021.257895.1161ENLizbet Nava-MartínezAcademic Area of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. Ex-hacienda la
Concepción, Tilcuautla C.P. 420160, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México0000-0002-2561-3693Manuel Sánchez-GutiérrezAcademic Area of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. Ex-hacienda la
Concepción, Tilcuautla C.P. 420160, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, MéxicoJeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-VegaAcademic Area of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. Ex-hacienda la
Concepción, Tilcuautla C.P. 420160, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Méxicoorcid.org/0000-0003-0342-8080Journal Article20201118 <span class="fontstyle0">COVID19 is an infectious disease transmitted by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose outbreak was declared a pandemic in March 2020. To date, on November 17, 2020, 55,243,538 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide. Epidemiological studies in different countries have shown higher morbidity and mortality in male than in female patients. The relationship between the COVID-19 disease and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system has also been documented. The SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through a receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and a serine protease (TMPRSS2), both widely expressed in the body, including the testes. ACE2 belongs to the RAA system, which is also expressed in the male reproductive system, and its absence causes infertility. Moreover, ADAM17 is a metalloprotease responsible for inflammation and spermatogenesis and is activated by SARS-CoV-ECA2. Knowledge about the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproduction, as well as the possibility of sexual transmission, is still limited. This review summarizes the available evidence to analyze the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproduction and its possible sexual transmission. The reproductive consequences caused by COVID-19 are currently unknown. Although most studies have shown the absence of SARS-COV-2 in the semen and prostate secretion, there is evidence of testicular tissue alteration accompanied by inflammatory infiltration in viral orchitis. These results suggest that there may be a deterioration in the testicular function that could lead to infertility. Also, more studies are needed to assess the risk of sexual transmission.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138475_84932849d9d0de7f485327a1e62fff37.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901Orthopedic Problems during the Covid-19 Pandemic12813313847610.30491/ijmr.2020.245783.1137ENHadi Ghotbi JoshvaghaniSocial Security organization, 12 Bahman Hospital, Qods City, Tehran, IranMasomeh EsmailyDepartment of Orthodontics Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranAlireza BeiramiSocial Security Organization, 12 Bahman Hospital, Qods City, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200828 <span class="fontstyle0">In recent months, a sudden pandemic of Covid-19 has led to high mortality throughout the world. The contagiousness and lethality of the disease, as well as the lack of confidence in a vaccine or drug to control or treat it,have necessitated fundamental changes in lifestyle, especially in people's careers. As the severity of this disease is directly related to the rate of loading and exposure to the virus, orthopedic surgeons need to maintain their own health, other staff’s health and even orthopedic patients while properly managing orthopedic patients, especially emergency patients. The possibility of infection with this virus due to symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers should be considered as a potential risk of conventional orthopedic treatments such as prescribing analgesics and injections and surgeries and their possible effect on the exacerbation of Covid-19.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138476_d729ada28817270e12d4f0297ba5c848.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901Estrogen on Candida spp. of the Vagina: Is there any effect?13413913847710.30491/ijmr.2020.254951.1154ENAli Abdul HusseinAbdul Hussein S. AL-JanabiDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Karbala, IraqRuaa Kadhim Mohammed JawadDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Karbala, IraqJournal Article20201029 <span class="fontstyle0">A variety of </span><span class="fontstyle0">Candida </span><span class="fontstyle0">spp. as the most common fungus in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Its presence is affected by variable conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of </span><span class="fontstyle0">Candida </span><span class="fontstyle0">spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result in a fungal disease known as vaginal candidiasis. More than 17 species of </span><span class="fontstyle0">Candida </span><span class="fontstyle0">out of 200 members of this genus are capable of causing diseases within the human body. Estrogen, along with other steroidal hormones, has been shown to have direct multifunctional effects on various pathogenic microorganisms by numerous activities. Its production and other factors such as disturbance of microbial balance and immune activity may alter the vaginal physical environment and promote the development of vaginal fungal infection. The vaginal functions can be affected by the level of circulation of estrogens in the blood according to the stage of the menstrual cycle in women. It also has many other functional actions on the vaginal structure. Estrogen and several other factors play an important role in determining the vaginal content of </span><span class="fontstyle0">Candida </span><span class="fontstyle0">species. Its effect could be a direct action on the cells of </span><span class="fontstyle0">Candida </span><span class="fontstyle0">or through an indirect effect on the immunity defenses of the vagina.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_138477_0f672c070a917172fbba5f801aa152a4.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X8320210901Modeling the Electromyogram Signal of Stimulated Biceps Brachii Muscle14014513114810.30491/ijmr.2020.253244.1151ENVahid KhodadadiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1942-5095Fereidoun NowshiravanRahatabadDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7340-9216Ali SheikhaniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5231-5683Nader Jafarnia DabanlooEngineering Research Center in Medicine and Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20201017 <span class="fontstyle0">Introduction: </span><span class="fontstyle2">The usage of modeling methods has been proposed to achieve a better understanding of biological systems, so that some ambiguities about their function could be resolved. Accordingly, the present review was performed to model the electromyogram signal of stimulated biceps brachii muscle.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Methods: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In this review study, a search was performed in databases of Emerald, Cochrane Library, MEEDLINE, EMBASE, Wiley, Scopus, and Magiran on papers published over the past 20 years. Papers that fulfilled all inclusion criteria were critically appraised in order to assess their quality. Out of the 66 papers extracted, eight original papers were included. The findings obtained from the papers were noted, and then underwent content analysis and categorization.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Findings indicated that most of the performed studies had been modeled using cybernetic, robotic, regression, and neural network modeling methods. These physiological mathematical models model the physiological structure of the muscle based on a direct description of biomechanical, biological, and physiological characteristics of the system individually, which is difficult for obtaining many parameters.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Most of the models presented so far do not match reality and have errors. Thus, studies are required to design a model similar to a biological system with the properties of biological systems in order to reduce the modeling error.</span> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_131148_17d1da481e3f937d9936fbe58c5be204.pdf