Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Emerging Coronavirus and Adverse Pregnancy Consequences777711378310.30491/ijmr.2020.233938.1109ENSomaye MakvandiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch,
Ahvaz, IranMitra MahdavianSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad university Bojnourd branch, Bojnourd, IranGoli Kazem NiaSina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranLeila KarimiBehavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000000189288220Journal Article20200613Among different sections of society, pregnant women are considered one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 due to specific physiological changes in the body and the suppression of the immune system (4). About four months have passed since the onset of the disease, and although many studies are published daily on its various aspects, there is still not enough research and evidence to support the effects of COVID-19 on the consequences of pregnancy, but since the cause of the disease from the family of viruses that cause the two diseases, SARS and MERS, a look at the effect of these diseases on the consequences of pregnancy will lead to more attention to pregnant women at risk for COVID-19. Evidence suggests that pregnant women with SARS and MERS have the following adverse effects on their counterparts: spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membrane, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, Cesarean section increase, perinatal mortality and Increased hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (5). In the current situation, due to the recommendation of home quarantine and the concerns that pregnant women have about COVID-19 disease, they may be less likely to appear in Health care centers during pregnancy. Since COVID-19 has the potential to be at least similar to SARS and MERS, Therefore, it is recommended to reduce maternal mortality and the adverse consequences of pregnancy, Continuous telephone or online screening for COVID-19 was done by health providers in pregnant women and any suspicious cases should be seriously investigated.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113783_faeb8d2d974faf8a3bb5f4bf90fbb5d2.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Awareness of Nurses to Radiation Protection in Medicine788411378410.30491/ijmr.2020.231936.1104ENOsward BwangaDepartment of Radiology, Midland Regional Hospital at Tullamore, Co. Offaly, IrelandRaphael MusokoKayembeDepartment of Radiology, Blackrock Clinic, Dublin, IrelandJournal Article20200518<span class="fontstyle0">Background: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Nurses are vital in the management of patients for diagnostic imaging examinations. Some nurses work in radiology departments and others assist radiographers during mobile and theatre radiography. In recent years, some nurses working in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland are referring patients for radiological examinations, a role which was traditionally that of medical doctors. This work involves ionising radiation which is harmful to the human body. Therefore, it is essential that nurses understand the measures needed to protect patients, members of the public and themselves from ionising radiation. The aim of this study was to systematically review the awareness of nurses to radiation protection in medicine.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Method: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted in January 2020 in three databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as hand searching of journals and internet. Data were extracted from all included research studies and analysed thematically.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Ten primary research studies were identified, selected and included in this systematic review. Six themes were identified following data synthesis and analysis: sources of ionising radiation, benefits of ionising radiation in medicine, biological effects of ionising radiation to the human body, principles of radiation protection, control measures for external radiation exposure, populations most vulnerable to ionising radiation, and education and training in radiation protection. In general, this review found that nurses are not adequately aware of radiation protection.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">There is a need to integrate radiation protection into the nursing curriculum and to provide Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to nurses.</span> <br /><br />https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113784_1fae019db20066a9e612d565f0edac6d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Determinants of Demand for Dental Services at Household Level859211379110.30491/ijmr.2020.224865.1089ENSayyed Dariush MousaviStudents' Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4898-1736Sayyed-Morteza Hosseini-ShokouhHealth Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7401-7804Mojtaba SepandiHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6441-5887Elahe TahmasebiResearch Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRouhollah ZaboliHealth Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6512-7278Journal Article20200329<span class="fontstyle0">Introduction: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Dental health is one of the primary requisites of life which the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes on its continuous improvement during the 21st century. This review aimed at identifying the factors affecting household dental demand in order to establish a comprehensive oral and dental health plan.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Method: </span><span class="fontstyle2">This study has reviewed the literature on demand determinants of household dental services published in English and Persian languages following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA protocol. Critical appraisal of the selected articles have been performed using CASP and PRISMA checklists. Data analysis have been carried out and presented as a narrative synthesis.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">Among 2016 retrieved articles, 1786 were excluded from this study. From the 230 remained articles, only 16 full-text articles were included and assessed for their contents. The main determinants of dental services demand were classified into three groups; demographic, classic, and complementary.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">It is necessary to consider the socio-demographic, classical, and complementary factors for estimating household dental demand. Identifying the affecting factors of household dental service demand is helpful in obtaining an accurate empirical estimation through analyzing consumers’ behaviors by calculating demand elasticity. Drawing policymakers’ attention to these factors will lead to provision of dental services according to the households expectations.</span> <br /><br />https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113791_8d143387f5a8e457d97bc7dc8738671d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Pyroptosis in Cancer Cells and its Perspectives in Nanomedicine939711379310.30491/ijmr.2020.228142.1094ENNelson DuranLaboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of
Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil0000-0001-8372-5143Wagner J. FavaroNanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, BrazilJournal Article20200422<span class="fontstyle0">Pyroptosis is a cell death mechanism that appears as an inflammatory form of cell death triggered by inflammasomes and disrupts a human protein encoded by the GSDMD gene in chromosome 8 (Gasdermin D) and by cytokine activation. Scientific facts have already indicated that the association between pyroptosis and cancer is extremely complicated, since pyroptosis´ effects on cancer cells can change depending on the affected tissues and genetic differences. For example, pyroptosis can inhibit tumor progress; however, as a pro-inflammatory process, it can create an appropriate microenvironment for tumor growth. Nevertheless, literature in this field has recently addressed important cancer treatment perspectives enabled by this process. The aim of the current study was to address a new nanomedicine aspect associated with pyroptosis.</span> <br /><br />https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113793_d8145d7460a5e23ffc1a05f3f331a049.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Cholelithiasis: A Brief Review on Diagnostic Approach and Management in Clinical Practice9810111379410.30491/ijmr.2020.230530.1102ENFebyan FebyanDepartment of Medicine,Bhayangkara Denpasar Hospital, Bali, Indonesiaia0000-0001-9055-0361Journal Article20200509<span class="fontstyle0">Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in gastroenterology. There are many factors in cholelithiasis, such as genetic, lack of physical activity, obesity, dietary, age, and other comorbidities. Commonly, cholelithiasis occurs asymptomatically; however, Murphy’s sign is one of the most frequent pathognomonic findings in abdominal examination. Ultrasonography is known as the gold standard imaging examination in diagnosing cholelithiasis. The management of cholelithiasis can be divided into two categories, such as medical treatment and surgical treatment, which depends on the patient’s condition.</span> <br /><br />https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113794_7c87a27671997dc172075538d0bc8368.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Establishment of Postgraduate Education and Training in the Specialised Areas of Diagnostic Imaging in Zambia10210711379510.30491/ijmr.2020.228411.1095ENEdward MwansaEvelyn Hone College, School of Applied and Health Sciences, Lusaka, ZambiaJames SichoneUniversity of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Lusaka, ZambiaStefan KafwimbiUniversity of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Lusaka, ZambiaOsward BwangaDepartment of Radiology, Midland Regional Hospital at Tullamore, Co. Offaly, IrelandJournal Article20200424<span class="fontstyle0">Radiography involves the use of different imaging modalities for diagnostic and treatment of diseases and injuries. The undergraduate qualification in radiography focuses on general radiography and basic aspects of different diagnostic imaging modalities. At postgraduate level, the concentration is on training radiographers in specialised fields of diagnostic imaging, such as Ultrasonography (US), image interpretation and reporting, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Medicine (NM), mammography, and radiation protection. The aim of this article was to review the readiness of Zambia in establishing postgraduate training in specialised diagnostic imaging by examining its strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, threats and existing postgraduate courses provided abroad. The article recognises that the establishment of postgraduate courses would enable radiographers to specialise and obtain advanced knowledge and skills in areas of healthcare need and their interest. This would prepare them in taking up new, advanced roles and expanding their scope of practice. It is anticipated that this would improve the quality of diagnostic imaging services in Zambia.</span>https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113795_14125c3c7160e2f08727775bcec6269d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X7320200901Cross Reaction between Hen Eggs and Bird Eggs in Patients with Egg Allergy Based on Skin Prick Test, Specific IgE and Oral Food Challenge10811311379610.30491/ijmr.2020.229826.1100ENZahra HojajiDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSayyed Hesamedin NabavizadehDepartment of Pediatrics, Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranHossein EsmaeilzadehDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranSoheila AlyasinDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMohammad PaktinatDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20200504<span class="fontstyle0">Introduction: </span><span class="fontstyle2">As some children have allergies to egg as an important food source, finding the right alternative is essential. To date, the interaction between other birds’ eggs and hen eggs has not been investigated in Iran. Because of the common usage of eggs from birds other than hens in Iran, the present study aimed to compare hens’ eggs with the eggs of other birds.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Method: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In this case-control study, 70 children who had referred to our allergy clinic were evaluated. In patients who had a history of egg allergy, Skins Prick Test (SPT) and specific IgE Ab analyses were done, and then an Oral Food Challenge (OFC) was performed. Patients with egg allergy underwent SPT with eggs from birds such as turkey, goose, duck, quail, partridge, and pigeon.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Results: </span><span class="fontstyle2">From among the 40 patients with egg allergy, 8 patients passed the OFC. The greatest cross-reactions were seen in turkey white egg and quail yolk egg extracts with 82.5% and 90% respectively. The least cross-reactions were reported in pigeon yolk egg and pigeon white egg with 30% and 37.5% respectively and partridge white egg and partridge yolk egg with 47.5% and 67.5% respectively. Among patients who had negative SPT with partridge egg (N=3), one patient passed and two failed the OFC. Three of the patients who had negative pigeon SPT (N=5) passed the OFC with pigeon egg.</span> <br /><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion: </span><span class="fontstyle2">In conclusion, turkey, goose, duck, and quail eggs cannot be used as an alternative to hen eggs. Therefore, only partridge or pigeon </span><span class="fontstyle2">eggs can be considered as a suitable alternative to hen eggs.</span><br /> https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_113796_9665de853e1da62de6418e2915641705.pdf