Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal microRNAs in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Comparative Analysis (2014-2024)1053133824402210.30491/ijmr.2025.526837.1338ENElhamCheshmehsangiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0009-0007-4653-3362SoodehAlidadiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranRezvanKafiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranFatemehCheshmehsangiFaculty of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20250528Introduction: Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) lack effective treatments. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), small vesicle-derived regulators of gene expression, have emerged as therapeutic agents for disease treatment due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier . To systematically review therapeutic applications of exosomal miRNAs in preclinical models of AD, PD, and MS, identifying key miRNAs, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic outcomes.<br>Data Sources: Literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (January 2014-March 2024) using combinations of exosome, microRNA, and neurodegenerative disease terms.<br>Study Selection: Studies investigating therapeutic applications of exosomal miRNAs in AD, PD, or MS using disease models, examining specific miRNAs and their therapeutic effects, published in English. Reviewers screened studies using predefined criteria.<br>Data Extraction: Data extracted using standardized forms encompassing study characteristics, exosome sources, microRNA information, and outcomes. Quality assessed using modified SYRCLE and JBI tools.<br>Results: Forty studies were included: AD (n = 20), PD (n = 11), and MS (n = 9). Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were predominant (55%). In AD, miR-29 and miR-124 targeted amyloidogenesis via BACE1 and NLRP3 pathways, with cognitive improvement in 55% of studies and 40-50% Aβ reduction. In PD, miR-7 and miR-100a-5p modulated autophagy and oxidative stress, providing neuroprotection in 72% of studies. In MS, miR-219 and miR-23a promoted remyelination in 67% of studies with enhanced oligodendrocyte differentiation and reduced inflammatory markers by 30-60%.<br>Conclusion: Exosomal miRNAs demonstrate significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. Their ability to target pathological pathways positions them as promising candidates for clinical translation.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244022_d6fec190d053108c6dcd158914d898da.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301Rotator Cuff Repair Using Arthroscopic Versus Mini Open: Systematic Review1063107024402310.30491/ijmr.2025.522837.1330ENI Gusti NgurahYuda Bagus AryanaFaculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, IndonesiaI Gusti NgurahWien AryanaDepartment of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, IndonesiaFebyanFebyanDepartment of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia0000-0001-9055-0361Journal Article20250511This systematic review hypothesizes that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair offers comparable functional outcomes to mini-open repair, with potential advantages in early postoperative recovery and pain reduction. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to compare clinical outcomes of arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies published within the last five years. Inclusion criteria comprised studies that compared mini-open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair techniques with outcome data on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley Score (CMS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, or University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score. A total of eight studies involving 653 patients (331 arthroscopic, 322 mini-open) were included. Both techniques significantly improved functional outcomes and pain scores compared to preoperative values. VAS scores tended to be lower in the early postoperative period in arthroscopic cases. ASES, CMS, DASH, and UCLA scores showed no statistically significant differences between techniques, though some individual studies suggested slightly better outcomes in either group. The overall complication rates were similar, with arthroscopic repair associated with fewer deltoid-related issues and mini-open repair offering better visualization for complex cases. Arthroscopic and mini-open rotator cuff repairs yield comparable long-term outcomes in terms of pain relief, functional recovery, and complication rates. Arthroscopy may offer advantages in early recovery due to reduced soft tissue trauma, while mini-open repair remains a viable option for large or complex tears. Patient-specific factors and surgeon expertise should guide the choice of technique. High-quality, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment selection.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244023_7da0c38b6ddd28460725d813f40da67d.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301COVID-19 Lockdowns' Paradoxical Effect on Premature Birth Rates: Review of Global Trends and Bio-Behavioral Implications1071107524402410.30491/ijmr.2025.535633.1341ENRoohallahYousefiBehbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran0000-0002-1547-6752Journal Article20250719The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unexpected impact on premature birth rates, a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Research suggests that lockdowns may have inadvertently reduced modifiable risk factors such as infection, obesity, and environmental pollutants. Studies in California and Denmark reveal significant decreases in very preterm and premature births, especially among those with underlying conditions like hypertension and diabetes. These declines may be due to reduced exposure to environmental pollutants, changes in work-related stress, and altered healthcare practices. However, the situation in Shanghai presents a contrast, where the lockdown increased the risk of preterm birth among uninfected pregnant women, possibly due to stress from job loss and social isolation. The biobehavioral model emphasizes the importance of the prenatal environment and individual vulnerabilities in understanding spontaneous preterm delivery. The pandemic has also highlighted the need for preconception care, focusing on healthy birth spacing, chronic disease management, and mental health support. While the observed trends suggest a potential positive impact of lockdowns on premature births, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of these changes and develop strategies to improve maternity care during public health crises. Recommendations include enhancing prenatal education, stress management, prenatal care accessibility, promoting healthy lifestyles, infection prevention, and establishing support systems for expectant parents. This preliminary evidence underscores the complex relationship between pandemics and preterm births, calling for further investigation into the causal links and implications for public health policy.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244024_66fd77ce4ff245b6b559189d2cd06b4c.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301Radiology Environmental Sustainability in Zimbabwe: A Policy Review, Benchmarking Analysis, and Recommendations for Future Action1076108724402510.30491/ijmr.2025.533617.1339ENBornfaceChineneUniversity of Rwanda, Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda0000-0002-7189-7412MecthildeMukangendoUniversity of Rwanda, Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Kigali, RwandaFabianMaunganidzeMidlands State University, Department of Physiology, Gweru, ZimbabweCrispen Diva Institutes, Legal Institute Online, Gweru, ZimbabweOswardBwangaMidland University Hospital Tullamore, Radiology Department, Co. Offaly, IrelandBenardOhene-BotweDepartment of Midwifery and Radiography, City, University of London Northampton Square London EC1V 0HB, United KingdomJournal Article20250710Introduction: Improper regulation of radiology departments can lead to significant adverse environmental impacts, which in turn affect both the health workforce and the community they serve. This review aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the relevant documents, policies, laws, and regulations regarding environmental sustainability in radiology practices in Zimbabwe.<br>Methods: A qualitative content analysis was performed on documents obtained through an electronic database search, along with a manual search in Google Scholar and relevant reference lists. The selected documents were evaluated using pre-defined eligibility criteria for inclusion. Data management was carried out using NVivo 13, and the collected data were analysed using the READ approach.<br>Results: Of the nine documents identified and analyzed, five key themes were created, including i. the legal framework for environmental sustainability ii. safety protocols and radiation protection iii. integration of climate change and sustainable practices in education, i.v. waste management considerations, and v. transitioning to modern technologies .<br>Conclusion: The review highlights that, despite the constitution's support for environmental rights, Zimbabwe lacks specific policies and regulations for environmental sustainability in radiology. To advance sustainable practices, it is imperative to establish a dedicated environmental policy and implement targeted legislation.<br>Implications for Practice: The study underscores the urgent need for the development and implementation of specific environmental sustainability policies and regulations in radiology departments in Zimbabwe to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and promote the health and safety of both the workforce and the communities they serve.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244025_7a8eb001728ffc81fb875ea26d06806c.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301A Text Mining Analysis of Iranian Researchers' Scientific Publications in Artificial Intelligence for Medical Sciences1088109524402610.30491/ijmr.2025.512198.1321ENMostafaKashaniSirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, IranMeisamDastaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran0000-0002-5631-539xJournal Article20250313Introduction: In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and medical sciences has faced an increase in scientific production, which indicates the development of this research field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the process of Iranian researchers' scientific publications in AI for medical sciences by employing text mining techniques .<br>Methods: The present work is an applied research and was conducted using text mining techniques, specifically the topic modeling algorithm. Data was extracted until August 24, 2024, using an appropriate search strategy in the WOS database. In addition, the Python programming language was used to analyze the textual data.<br>Results: According to the outcome of topic modeling on 572 data related to the Iranian researchers' scientific publications in AI for medical sciences, five main topic clusters were obtained, which respectively include "modeling and prediction in medical systems," "AI," "learning, and training," "diagnosis and modeling in digital medicine," "cancer diagnosis using deep learning,"and "modeling and classification of medical images ."<br>Conclusion: The focus of Iranian research in the field of AI in medical sciences is more towards applications that are directly related to the improvement of prediction and modeling of diseases and medical systems. In addition, the trend towards emerging issues, such as medical education and the use of AI for the development of educational skills, indicates attention to the wider applications of this technology in improving the quality of education and learning in medical sciences.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244026_5171676c329c8dbbf8727f68ad0257f4.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X13120260301Sleepiness with Dysphasia and Vomiting1096109724402710.30491/ijmr.2025.524693.1335ENSeyedeh NegarAssadiDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3781-2056Journal Article20250519Increasing calcium has dangerous for health and organ systems such as brain, heart, kidneys, bones and digestive system. The 80 years old woman with sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, dysphasia and femoral neck fracture was admitted to hospital. Diagnostic methods were in blood tests she had high calcium level was 14.5 mg/dL and high parathyroid hormone more than 250 pg/ml. She treated with medicine and fracture surgery with spinal anesthesia but after 5 months had sestamibi scan and one radiofrequency ablation for parathyroid disease. This disorder must be diagnosed very soon and treated with medicine and surgery.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_244027_fd5c070e423aaa00b5b8888cda61eb4a.pdf