Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161224Survey of Available Literature and Meta-Analyses on Chronic Subdural Hematoma4975006135810.15171/ijmr.2016.09ENNicola MontanoInstitute of Neurosurgery, Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyEleonora IoannoniInstitute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyAnselmo CaricatoInstitute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyAlessandro OliviInstitute of Neurosurgery, Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyJournal Article20161019Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an encapsulated collection of blood and fluid on the surface of the brain. It is a common condition, especially in elderly patients, with an incidence of 58 cases per 100 000 people per year in patients over 65 years of age, a mortality rate of about 2%, and a recurrence rate ranging from 11.7% to 28% despite surgical and medical treatments. Due to the high incidence of CSDH, a vast amount of literature exists on the various medical and surgical aspects. Moreover, the literature contains meta-analyses analyzing different techniques, medical therapies, and factors associated with prognoses. Herein, the available literature and meta-analyses on different aspects of CSDH are reviewed in order to provide a rapid review of the best evidence regarding this condition. Twelve meta-analyses comparing the effects of different surgical and/or medical treatments on various different clinical outcomes were analyzed. Strong evidence was found that: (1) burr-hole craniostomy and twist-drill craniostomy are both efficacious in treating CSDH; (2) drainage placement is associated with better clinical outcomes and significantly lower recurrence rates; (3) antithrombotic drugs are significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate; and (4) in case of need of reoperation, open craniotomy is associated with better outcomes compared with minimally invasive procedures. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of corticosteroids and the best timing of the resumption of antithrombotic drugs after CSDH evacuation.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61358_7eb469facdb9cc4a1e9e002b3c8366cd.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161224Advances in Research and Application of Liquid Biopsy in Lymphoma5015036136010.15171/ijmr.2016.10ENYang ZhangHebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, ChinaYu ZhangHebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, ChinaHongxing LiuHebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, ChinaJournal Article20161118Liquid biopsy as a new rising non-invasive testing method plays an important role in assist of the diagnosis, evaluation of the efficacy and prognosis, monitoring of early recurrence and drug resistance. It has been widely applied in some type of solid tumors. Lymphoma is a group of heterogeneous hematological malignancies which most subtypes without specific tumor markers and evaluation of the efficacy and prognostic is mainly depends on and limited to biopsy and imaging. Compared to other solid tumors, lymphoma tumor cells were characterized with access to peripheral easier and immunoglobulin molecules diversity can be monitored as marker, which is more applicable to liquid biopsy. With advances in the detection technology, research and application of liquid biopsy in lymphoma has attracted more attentions.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61360_85887466c7925da2444cf7090d18aaf0.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161224A Review of the Various Suicide Methods Used Around the World5045076136110.15171/ijmr.2016.11ENReza BidakiResearch Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranShekoufeh ShiraniIsfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohammad ShamsianDepartments of Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranElham Poursarkhosh TezerjaniDepartments of Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranFariba HeidariDepartments of Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranBanafsheh ShiraniShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranAida FarshamClinical Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161110Around 800 000 to 1 million people die by suicide annually, making suicide the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. Suicide rates are higher among men than women, and the probability of suicide is 3 to 4 times higher for men than for women. Non-lethal suicide is more common in young people and women. The type of suicide seen in different countries depends on the culture, economic, and social conditions in the respective country. Also, differences in types of suicide are partly due to the availability of various methods. In recent years, the percentage of suicides has risen in all countries. Surveys show that the most prominent methods of suicide in most countries in the world are hanging and poisoning. The most deadly type of suicide is by gun. The most unsuccessful suicide attempts are overdoses of medication. Knowing about the available suicide methods is important.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61361_41b0ebe1e0b5ae8380089a12cd4b9e84.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161224Gene Therapy for Lumbar Disc Disease; An Overview of Animal and Human Studies5085146136210.15171/ijmr.2016.12ENMajid RezvaniDepartment of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranLaleh BeigiIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMasih SabooriDepartment of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSheida EbrahimiIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMohammad Reza AkramiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranSaeed Oraee-YazdaniFunctional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Comprehensive Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,IranSoheil TahaniIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranShima ShadabiIsfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranLeila DehghaniDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161107Low back pain (LBP), a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, is associated with lumbar disc degeneration. It is a complex phenomenon, likely the result of a combination of biochemical and biomechanical factors that are known to occur in discs. However, the findings of previous studies have suggested that disc degeneration may be explained primarily by genetic influences. For this reason, scientists are interested in the use of genes/proteins for the treatment of disc degeneration. Protein-based therapies involve the administration of biologic factors into the intervertebral disc to enhance matrix synthesis, postpone degeneration, and prevent inflammation. These factors can be delivered by an intradiscal injection, alone or in combination with cells or tissue scaffolds, and by gene therapy. A systematic search for articles dated from 1990 to the present was performed to identify pertinent articles related to the topic of the role of gene therapy in treating intervertebral disc degeneration. Twenty-seven studies reported the use of at least one gene in treating this disease through gene therapy. Researchers have been performing phases I/II of a clinical trial on the treatment of disc degeneration with gene therapy since 2008. Recent studies have shown that gene therapy may have promise as a method of slowing down or preventing some of the changes seen in intervertebral discs. However, because the clinical trial is not complete and therefore the results are indeterminate, this method cannot be proffered as a replacement for surgery. It is hoped that definitive results of the possible effects of gene therapy on the human body will be acquired soon.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61362_0bcb93c2ffeaca43d0936aef691021c6.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161224Injuries to the Celiac Trunk: A Systematic Review of Trauma to Haller’s Tripod50155226136310.15171/ijmr.2016.13ENBradley PhillipsCHSi International, Baghdad Embassy Hospital, Baghdad, IraqLauren TurcoDepartment of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USAShelby ReiterDepartment of Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USAErin P.MurrayDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri-Kansas City Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USADan McDonaldDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USADavid L.CornellDepartment of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USAJuan A.AsensioDepartment of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USADepartment of Clinical Science & Translational Research, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USAJournal Article20161103<strong>Introduction:</strong> The celiac artery is nestled deep within the abdomen and provides blood flow to the foregut. Injuries to the celiac artery are rare and carry a high mortality rate.
<strong>Methods:</strong> A systematic MEDLINE Complete literature search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies, specifically those focusing on diagnosis and management of traumatic celiac arterial injuries were selected, excluding pediatric and iatrogenic cases. Studies from all years were considered, given the paucity of literature on this topic. Studies included in the review were categorized according to level of evidence.
<strong>Results:</strong> The initial search yielded 5295 results. Specifiers and removing duplicates reduced this number to a final result of 226 studies. After applying exclusion criteria, there were 33 remaining studies containing a total of 175 patients. Of these, only 5 had greater than ten patients in the study, and the majority of the remaining studies were level IV and V evidence. Of the studies reporting deaths, the overall mortality was 34%.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Injuries to the celiac artery are very rare and occur as a result of penetrating or blunt trauma. These injuries carry a high mortality rate and early recognition requires a high index of suspicion. Diagnosis is based on CT imaging or direct visualization during an exploratory laparotomy. Treatment modalities include open repair, endovascular repair, ligation and medical management. Currently, given the lack of available studies, there is no uniform or agreed-upon treatment approach.https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61363_d95c1b246881970f366a36cf7e5ea3e0.pdfBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Reviews2345-525X3420161201The History and Efficacy of Intravitreal Injection of Pegaptanib in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion; The Need for Special Attention5235246136410.15171/ijmr.2016.14ENRoohollah AhmadianStudent Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranShahriar Najafizadeh-SariStudent Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranTrauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161202https://www.ijmedrev.com/article_61364_2d4612e486fd0154bdc8254eb6241b7e.pdf