An Electrical Storm (ES) is a Ventricular Arrhythmia (VA) consisting of the occurrence of three or more Ventricular Tachycardias (VT) per day, separated by five-minute intervals, or the presence of unceasing VT, even with the optimization of antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Data revealed that 84 out of 1274 patients with an Implantable Cardioverter -Defibrillator (ICD) developed ES during follow-up.The incidence of ES in patients with ICD can reach 20% during the first 134 days after implantation. The pathophysiological mechanism is not well understood as ES can be caused by several clinical conditions and through several different mechanisms, including VT and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), global acute ischemia, and myocardial dysfunction. Patients with ES have a threefold greater risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD). The treatment is multimodal and consists primarily of emergency sedation, ventilation, neuraxial modulation, drug therapy (beta-blockers, amiodarone, sotalol, class I anti-arrhythmic drugs), and Catheter Ablation (CA). CA is a rescue procedure performed when there is little or no response to drug therapy. This approach is performed by first mapping the local and then choosing between approaches (endocardial or epicardial) and the different CA methods, which mainly include radiofrequency ablation, irrigated radiofrequency ablation, pulsed radiofrequency ablation, alcohol ablation, and cryoablation.
Menezes Júnior, A. D. S., de Lima, A. L. A., da Mata, R. G., & Teixeira, D. C. (2022). Management of an Electrical Storm: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 9(1), 232-240. doi: 10.30491/IJMR.2021.279331.1196
MLA
Antônio da Silva Menezes Júnior; Ana Luisa Adorno de Lima; Roberta Gomes da Mata; Dayanne Cardoso Teixeira. "Management of an Electrical Storm: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies". International Journal of Medical Reviews, 9, 1, 2022, 232-240. doi: 10.30491/IJMR.2021.279331.1196
HARVARD
Menezes Júnior, A. D. S., de Lima, A. L. A., da Mata, R. G., Teixeira, D. C. (2022). 'Management of an Electrical Storm: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies', International Journal of Medical Reviews, 9(1), pp. 232-240. doi: 10.30491/IJMR.2021.279331.1196
VANCOUVER
Menezes Júnior, A. D. S., de Lima, A. L. A., da Mata, R. G., Teixeira, D. C. Management of an Electrical Storm: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 2022; 9(1): 232-240. doi: 10.30491/IJMR.2021.279331.1196
)
